Diabetes is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. Kidney damage related to diabetes usually develops gradually, and many people have no kidney-specific symptoms in the early stages. Regular screening gives an opportunity to detect changes sooner.
How can diabetes affect the kidneys?
Persistently high blood glucose can damage small blood vessels throughout the body, including the kidney filters. High blood pressure commonly occurs alongside diabetes and can add further stress to the kidneys.
Which kidney tests are important?
A blood test is used to estimate eGFR, while a urine test can check for albumin leakage. Together, these tests help assess both kidney function and kidney damage. Your clinician will decide how often they should be repeated based on your type of diabetes, duration of disease and previous results.
What helps protect kidney function?
Good diabetes management, appropriate blood pressure control, taking prescribed medicines, avoiding smoking, reducing excess salt, maintaining a healthy weight and attending regular follow-up all contribute to kidney and cardiovascular health. Some medicines used in diabetes and blood pressure management also have kidney-protective benefits in selected patients, but suitability must be assessed individually.
Why early detection matters
Diabetic kidney disease can progress for years before symptoms become obvious. Detecting albumin in the urine or a change in eGFR can allow treatment to be reviewed before advanced kidney failure develops.
When should a nephrologist be involved?
Referral may be appropriate when kidney function is significantly reduced or declining, urine protein is substantial, blood pressure is difficult to control, electrolyte problems develop, the cause of kidney disease is uncertain, or your treating doctor recommends specialist input.
Trusted patient education sources
This guide is written in patient-friendly language using established kidney education principles from the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and, for dialysis access, the National Kidney Foundation. It is not a substitute for personal medical advice.