Dialysis is a treatment used when the kidneys can no longer remove enough waste and extra fluid or maintain important chemical balances on their own. Two common forms are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Neither is a cure for kidney failure, but both can replace part of the kidneys’ filtering function.
How does hemodialysis work?
During hemodialysis, blood travels through a filter called a dialyzer outside the body and then returns to the patient. The treatment requires vascular access, such as an AV fistula, graft or dialysis catheter. The frequency and duration of treatment depend on the clinical plan and dialysis setting.
How does peritoneal dialysis work?
Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneum, as a natural filtering surface. Dialysis fluid is placed into the abdomen through a catheter, left there for a period of time, and then drained. Exchanges may be done manually during the day or with a machine overnight.
Which option is better?
There is no single dialysis method that is best for everyone. The choice may depend on medical conditions, home support, lifestyle, ability to perform treatment, infection risk, vascular access, previous abdominal surgery and personal preference. Some people are suitable for both options; others are not.
Planning before dialysis is valuable
When kidney function is declining, early education gives patients time to understand dialysis, transplant possibilities and supportive care. It also allows vascular access or a peritoneal dialysis catheter to be planned rather than waiting for an emergency.
Questions to discuss with your nephrologist
Ask how each option would fit your daily routine, what training is required, how diet and fluid advice may change, what complications to watch for, and whether kidney transplant evaluation should begin.
Trusted patient education sources
This guide is written in patient-friendly language using established kidney education principles from the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and, for dialysis access, the National Kidney Foundation. It is not a substitute for personal medical advice.